Aquaculture
Iron
Iron is an important water quality variable in aquaculture. It is a dissolved nutrient required in small
quantities by both aquatic plants and animals. But chemical reactions of iron in sediment and water can have negative impacts on aquatic life. RandAqua 8886555529.
Alum
The effectiveness of alum in reducing the concentrations of potential pollutants in pond effluents was
investigated in ponds. Alum may be more effective in improving water quality in settling ponds if it is
applied after the initial sedimentation has occurred. RandAqua 8886555529.
Selenium
Selenium is an essential trace mineral for animals and people. It acts as a powerful antioxidant and plays
a critical role in metabolism, growth, reproductive health and the body’s natural defenses. It also
optimizes the immune system of animals during periods of increased demand. Securing the immune
system naturally leads to improved performance, as animals waste less energy fighting disease. RandAqua 8886555529.
Minerals
General function of minerals includes constituents of the exoskeleton, balance of osmotic pressure,
structural constituents of tissues and transmission of nerve impulse and muscle contractions. Minerals
serve as essential components for enzymes, vitamins, hormones, pigments, and co-factor in
metabolism, catalysts, and enzyme activators. RandAqua 8886555529.
Micro Elements
The micro-elements or trace minerals, such as chromium, cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese,
molybdenum, selenium and zinc, are required in small quantities and participate in a wide variety of
biochemical processes. They are involved in cellular metabolism, formation of skeletal structures,
maintenance of colloidal systems, regulation of acid-base equilibrium, immunity enhancer, stress
releaser, disease resistance and other physiological functions. RandAqua 8886555529.
Natural Food
The pond natural food resources are unable to provide the required nutrition to animal under
commercialization culture practice. The available soluble nutrition in water is not sufficient for fast body
growth of animals with in limited culture period. The minerals including trace minerals are playing
major role in nutrition for various functions of body and growth for aquaculture. RandAqua 8886555529.
Molybdenum
Molybdenum is an essential micronutrient and forms the catalytic center of over 50 enzymes including
xanthine oxidase, sulphite oxidase, aldehyde and oxidase. In domestic animals, deficiency symptoms
include depressed growth, impaired reproduction, poor fetal survival, and decreased molybdoenzyme
activities. Deficiency signs and requirements of Mo remain to be established in fish. RandAqua 8886555529.
Hardness
Aquatic animals can get calcium and magnesium both from the water and their food. Hardness usually is
great enough to supply enough calcium and magnesium for aquatic animals in fertilized ponds, and in
ponds with feeding, calcium and magnesium are obtained from the feed when the hardness is low.
Ponds with low-alkalinity water usually have low calcium and magnesium concentrations, and when
liming materials are applied to remedy this problem, hardness also increase. RandAqua 8886555529.
Emerging Viruses
Examples of emerging viruses in aquaculture include viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, infectious
haematopoietic necrosis virus, infectious salmon anaemia virus, piscine orthoreovirus, Tilapia lake virus,
Covert mortality nodavirus, Shrimp hemocyte iridescent virus, and Abalone herpesvirus. RandAqua 8886555529.
KHD
Koi Herpesvirus Disease is a viral disease of common carpCyprinus carpio, including all its ornamental
varieties such as koi, ghost koi etc. The virus is highly contagious and may cause up to 100% mortality. RandAqua 8886555529.
VHSV
Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus (VHSV) is an important fish virus that has caused several large
scale fish kills in both fresh and saltwater fish in farmed and wild fish. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia
(VHS) is a highly infectious virus disease predominantly affecting rainbow trout in aquaculture. RandAqua 8886555529.